Knee
8 min
IKDC Subjective Knee Form: complete clinical guide
Scoring formula, reference values, pre- and post-ACL application and clinical interpretation of the…
Orthopedic scores explained by experts
Practical guides, scientific foundations and clinical application of the main orthopedic assessment instruments.
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Featured
Upper Extremity
7 min
DASH and QuickDASH: formula, interpretation and when to use each
Complete DASH guide — formula [(Σ/n)−1]×25, missing item rule, 4 interpretation bands and comparison with QuickDASH.
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All articles
Knee / Osteoarthritis
7 min
KOOS: the 6 subscales and how to interpret each domain
Complete KOOS guide — 6 subscales, formula, MCID and differences from IKDC and WOMAC.
Lower Extremity
6 min
LEFS: complete lower extremity functional assessment
Complete LEFS guide — 20 items, 0–80 scale, score direction (higher=better), MCID of 9 points and c…
Knee / Ligaments
6 min
Lysholm Knee Score: domains, weights and post-ACL application
Complete Lysholm guide — 8 weighted domains, interpretation bands, MCID and combined use with the T…
Lumbar Spine
6 min
ODI: the gold standard for low back pain explained in detail
Complete Oswestry Disability Index guide — 10 sections, formula, 5 interpretation bands, optional s…
Upper Extremity
6 min
QuickDASH: complete guide to the abbreviated upper extremity instrument
Complete QuickDASH guide — formula, 11 items, MCID and when to prefer it over the full DASH in uppe…
Quality of Life
8 min
SF-36: the 8 quality of life subscales and the official scoring algorithm
Complete SF-36 guide — 8 subscales, 3-step scoring algorithm, population normative values and clini…
Activity Level
5 min
Tegner Activity Scale: documenting return to sport after knee surgery
Complete Tegner Activity Scale guide — 11 activity levels (0–10), return-to-sport criteria and comb…
Osteoarthritis
6 min
WOMAC: how to calculate and interpret the 3 subscales in osteoarthritis
Complete WOMAC LK 3.1 guide — inverted formula, 3 subscales, MCID and use in total knee and hip art…
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